By John Grattan, Robin Torrence
Human cultures were interacting with typical risks because the sunrise of time. This e-book explores those interactions intimately and revisits a few well-known catastrophes together with the eruptions of Thera and Vesuvius. those stories reveal that various human cultures had well-developed options which facilitated their reaction to severe normal occasions.
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Additional resources for Natural Disasters and Cultural Change (One World Archaeology)
Sample text
People who had gone to the water’s edge to look for the source of the noise saw the sea recede to below normal low-water mark and then saw a wave develop. Most turned and ran for safety, but almost all were caught by the wave, which approached rapidly, rose to tree-top height, and then crashed down on their villages (Fig. 2). Only a few people at Warapu saw the wave approaching from the east and had time to take to canoes or climb trees and escape. Those caught in the waves were vigorously tumbled and turned in water that was laden with sand and debris.
Yet even here severity of the hazard event itself is not the sole factor determining cultural response. Clearly, in addition to the severity and scale of the natural hazard, social variables are critical to the way groups recover from and may change in response to disasters. A number of papers have discussed why the disasters that they studied had very little impact on long-term cultural behaviour. For example, Saltonstall and Carver (Chapter 10) argue that the Alutiiq were not severely affected by the relatively frequent earthquakes in the region.
And Heiken, G. (2000) Volcanic Hazards and Disasters in Human Antiquity. Geological Society of America Special Paper 345. McGuire, B. (1999) Apocalypse. A Natural History of Global Disasters. London: Cassell. , Hancock, P. and Stewart, I. (eds) (2000) The Archaeology of Geological Catastrophes. London: Geological Society Special Publication 171. Moseley, M. (1997) Climate, culture, and punctuated change: new data, new challenges. The Review of Archaeology 18: 19–27. Newhall, C. and 17 others (2000) 10,000 years of explosive eruptions of Merapi volcano, Central Java: archaeological and modern implications.