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The aim of this chapter is to develop a theory of collisions that is applicable to a weakly coupled plasma. The fact that the plasma in question is weakly coupled means that it is a good approximation to treat the collisions as occasional binary events. ) As we shall see, the long-range nature of the Coulomb force renders the theory of collisions in a plasma somewhat more complicated than the corresponding theory for a neutral gas (where the inter-particle forces are invariably short-range in nature).

Evidently, charged particles must reverse direction at those points on magnetic field-lines where E = µ B + e φ + m vE2 /2. Such points are termed bounce points or mirror points. Let us now consider how we might construct a device to confine a collisionless (in other words, very high temperature) plasma. Obviously, we cannot use conventional solid walls, because they would melt. However, it is possible to confine a hot plasma using a magnetic field (fortunately, magnetic field-lines cannot melt).

These belts were discovered by James A. S. S. satellite), Ex- 32 Plasma Physics: An Introduction plorer 4, and Pioneer 3. Van Allen was actually trying to measure the flux of cosmic rays (high energy particles whose origin is outside the solar system) in outer space, to see if it was similar to that measured on Earth. ” (Hess 1968). It was quickly realized that this flux was due to energetic particles trapped in the Earth’s magnetic field, rather than to cosmic rays. There are, in fact, two radiation belts surrounding the Earth (Baumjohan and Treumann 1996).

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